Formula 1’s Struggle with Rising Car Weight: A Closer Look

Seventy-five years ago, Giuseppe Farina crossed the finishing line at Silverstone in an Alfa Romeo 158 weighing between 650 and 700kg. Fast forward to today, under the most recent ruleset, teams are struggling to hit the current minimum weight of 800kg – a stark contrast to the scientific progress we’ve witnessed over three-quarters of a century.

The Evolution of Car Weight Over Time

In 1961, Formula 1 adopted a minimum weight of 450kg. Compare that with the combined car and driver weight in 1995, which was 595kg – a difference of 205kg. This significant increase has been a topic of concern for many, as it seems to contradict the advancements made in technology over the years.

The increase in weight can be attributed to several factors, including the adoption of hybrid powertrains, safety features, and changes in design and dimensions.

The Impact of Hybrid Powertrains and Safety Features

Around 100kg of the weight gain came as a result of adopting hybrid powertrains. The current minimum weight for a hybrid power unit is 151kg, significantly heavier than a late 1990s 3-litre V10 which weighed between 90kg and 100kg.

Safety features such as stronger side-impact structures and the halo account for around 50kg of additional weight. While these measures are crucial for driver safety, they do contribute to the overall weight of the car.

The Role of Design and Dimensions

Wider, bigger-diameter wheels have also contributed to the increase in weight – a factor that will be slightly mitigated next year as the front wheels will be 25mm narrower, and the rears 30mm.

Another significant contributor is the increased complexity of car design, particularly in terms of aerodynamics and cooling systems. The trend towards more complicated cars, driven by advanced simulation capabilities, has resulted in heavier vehicles.

The Future of Formula 1: Simplifying Design for Weight Reduction

Nikolas Tombazis, FIA single-seater director, has suggested that the trend towards weight gain could be reversed by reducing aerodynamic and mechanical complexity. He believes that it should be possible to return to a simpler car design.

However, this would require teams to give up some long-cherished performance features, which may prove politically difficult to execute. The battle lines are forming ahead of the 2026 season, as senior engineers question whether the planned 30kg weight cut is even possible. More would be better, but it will come at a cost.

As we move forward, the challenge for Formula 1 will be to strike a balance between technological advancement, safety, and performance, while also addressing the issue of increasing car weight. It’s a complex task, but one that is essential for the continued evolution and excitement of this iconic sport.